Yachtmaster revision module 13 of 20

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Meteorology

Interpreting forecasts, Beaufort scale, synoptic patterns, barometer work, and broadcast meteorology.

Shipping forecast terms and Beaufort scaleSources of broadcast meteorological information

12 guided lessons · 20 practice questions · 23 flashcards

3 outcomes · self-guided revision
  • Explain interpreting forecasts, Beaufort scale, synoptic patterns, barometer work, and broadcast meteorology.
  • Apply Shipping forecast terms and Beaufort scale to a realistic onboard situation.
  • Recall the core check: check the weather forecast BEFORE every passage.

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Lesson summaries

Use this module hub to choose the right lesson, then open the dedicated lesson page for the complete explanation, worked examples, FAQs, and practice questions.

Weather and the Sailor

Weather is one of the most critical factors in safe seamanship. Wind strength and direction determine sailing conditions, sea state affects comfort and safety, and visibility impacts navi...

  • Check the weather forecast BEFORE every passage
  • Monitor conditions and forecasts throughout the passage
Read the full lesson: Weather and the Sailor

The Beaufort Scale

The Beaufort Scale describes wind force from 0 (calm) to 12 (hurricane). It links wind speed to observed sea and land conditions. For coastal and offshore passage planning, pay particular...

  • Force 0: Calm (< 1 knot), sea like a mirror
  • Force 3: Gentle breeze (7–10 kn), large wavelets
Read the full lesson: The Beaufort Scale

Shipping Forecast Terminology

The BBC Shipping Forecast covers 31 sea areas around the British Isles. It reports wind direction (the direction it blows FROM), wind speed (in Beaufort scale), weather (rain, fog, etc.),...

  • Veering = wind shifting clockwise
  • Backing = wind shifting anticlockwise
Read the full lesson: Shipping Forecast Terminology

Pressure Systems

High pressure (anticyclone) brings generally settled, fair weather with light winds. Wind circulates clockwise around a high in the northern hemisphere. Low pressure (depression or cyclon...

  • High pressure = fair weather, light winds, clockwise circulation (N hemisphere)
  • Low pressure = unsettled, windy, anticlockwise circulation (N hemisphere)
Read the full lesson: Pressure Systems

Fronts

A warm front marks the leading edge of warm air advancing over cold air. It brings a gradual deterioration: high cirrus cloud, then lower cloud, steady rain, poor visibility, and a rise i...

  • Warm front: gradual deterioration, steady rain, poor vis, temp rises, wind veers
  • Cold front: sharper change, heavy rain, squally, temp drops, vis improves after
Read the full lesson: Fronts

Buys Ballot’s Law

Buys Ballot’s Law allows you to locate the centre of a depression from the wind you experience. In the northern hemisphere: stand with your back to the wind, and the low-pressure centre i...

  • Stand with back to the wind: low pressure is to your left (N hemisphere)
  • Surface friction means the low is slightly ahead-left, not exactly left
Read the full lesson: Buys Ballot’s Law

Barometer Trends and Short-Range Prediction

A barometer or barograph supplies one important strand of short-range weather evidence. A pressure trend must be read with the current marine forecast, wind, cloud, visibility, sea state,...

  • Treat the pressure trend as evidence to combine with forecasts and observations
  • 0.1–1.5 hPa in 3 hours = rising or falling slowly
Read the full lesson: Barometer Trends and Short-Range Prediction

Sketching a Synoptic Chart

At Yachtmaster level you should be able to sketch a rough synoptic chart from the general synopsis portion of the shipping forecast. This gives you a spatial picture of where highs, lows,...

  • Place high and low centres from the synopsis (position + pressure)
  • Mark fronts (warm, cold, occluded) and their movement
Read the full lesson: Sketching a Synoptic Chart

Local Wind Effects

Sea breezes develop on warm, sunny days when the land heats faster than the sea. Warm air rises over the land, and cooler air from the sea flows in to replace it. Sea breezes typically de...

  • Sea breeze: land heats → air rises → cooler sea air flows in (daytime, F3–4)
  • Land breeze: land cools at night → air flows from land to sea (weaker, F1–2)
Read the full lesson: Local Wind Effects

Sources of Weather Information

BBC Radio 4 currently carries the Shipping Forecast at 0048 and 0520 every day, with an additional 1754 broadcast at weekends. The Inshore Waters Forecast follows the early broadcasts at...

  • Shipping Forecast: currently 0048 and 0520 daily, plus 1754 at weekends; verify the schedule
  • Inshore Waters follows the early broadcasts at about 0055 and 0527; verify the schedule
Read the full lesson: Sources of Weather Information

Yachtmaster Offshore Standard

Meteorology at Yachtmaster level is not just recall. The answer has to show command judgement, evidence quality, margin, and a fallback if the first plan stops being safe.

  • State the evidence you trust and the evidence you distrust.
  • Name the margin that makes the plan defensible.
Read the full lesson: Yachtmaster Offshore Standard

Advanced Scenario Check

Decision pressure: Continuing may keep the schedule but remove safe options later.

  • Apply Shipping forecast terms and Beaufort scale to a changed real-world situation.
  • Separate fact, estimate, and assumption.
Read the full lesson: Advanced Scenario Check

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